build: 20261010-001

Travel 0.00 mm

Roll 0.00 mm

Steer 0.00 mm

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Model Editor

Model File

Model

Templates

Axle

Vehicle Systems

Vehicle systems are full-vehicle coupling configurations. They are managed independently from the front and rear axle variants.

Points CSV / TXT

Include slave points

Travel Envelope i

Heave

Steer

Steer Support Hold

For pure steer, the selected support element lengths are held and wheel height is solved. Select the elements that establish the vehicle's static load path.

Combined Envelope (Heave + Steer)

#	Heave [mm]	Steer [mm]

Snap to Grid

Vehicle Parameters

Performance Parameters

Aero

Total aero efficiency (calc)

Drivetrain

Brakes

Tyre performance

Friction coefficient X Front

Friction coefficient X Rear

Friction coefficient Y Front

Friction coefficient Y Rear

Generic Fiala handling estimate

Analysis assumptions

Common tyre family stiffness level

Tyre load sensitivity assumption

Size-informed tyre reference

Front tyre basis

Rear tyre basis

Size-derived Rear / Front reference stiffness

[ratio]

Neutral Rear / Front reference target

[ratio]

Estimated linear balance

Estimated Front tyre Cα at reference load

[N/deg]

Manual

Estimated Rear tyre Cα at reference load

[N/deg]

Manual

The nominal estimate assumes the front and rear tyres share a construction family. It combines a dimension-based size trend relative to a 225/45R17 tyre with the selected category's nominal normalized stiffness; no universal pressure correction is applied. Reference values describe one tyre at the common reference Fz and do not include vehicle weight. Static weight, aero and lateral load transfer are applied later. The entered lateral μ values use the same reference Fz; load index is shown only as a capacity check. Use editable measured values when available.

Applied tyre reference data

Reference vertical load per tyre (Cα and μ)

[N]

Final Front tyre Cα at reference load

[N/deg]

Final Rear tyre Cα at reference load

[N/deg]

Zero-speed static Front axle Cα

[N/deg]

Zero-speed static Rear axle Cα

[N/deg]

Wheel and Tire

Rim

[in]

[mm]

Static camber

[deg]

Static Toe - Wheel (+in)

[min]

ETRTO

Tire

[mm]

/ R

Load index

Pressure

[bar]

Pressure

[psi]

Corner weight

[kg]

Method 1 (Load index) Method 2 (Empirical)

Vertical stiffness

[N/mm]

Static loaded radius

[mm]

Wheel facets

[#]

Tire mesh

Tire display

CTP methods

Show CTP_geom Show CTP_roll

Show COP_eff Show patch centroid

CTP used for metrics

WA, WCMP, and CTP are derived from WC + Wheel/Tire inputs and are read-only in Points.

The selected reference is used by alignment and roll-centre outputs. Anti geometry remains based on CTP_geom; WC-based outputs remain referenced to wheel centre.

Bodies

New

Existing Bodies

Opacity

Colour

Assigned Points

No points assigned.

Points

New

Select Point

WA, WCMP, and CTP are derived points and can be edited via WC and Wheel/Tire settings.

Points Table

	Offset
	ID	X [mm]	Y [mm]	Z [mm]	Side	Sym	Move	Slave	Body	Derived

Parametric Coordinates (Beta)

Type "=" in X/Y/Z and click a coordinate cell above, or use explicit links below.

X =

Y =

Z =

Construct point on axis A-B (full XYZ driven): by ratio A->B or by offset [mm] from A/B.

Joints

New

Select Joint

Quasi-static joint reactions are reported at Point A in global coordinates; viewport arrows use that reported direction but are drawn at Point B. Signs therefore depend on A->B joint direction. (General convention - define joints from the loaded body to the ground body)

Create Slave Point From Point A

Elasto Stiffness

K1-3: N/mm, K4-6: Nm/deg

Joint Local Frame

Frame Mode

X Axis Ref XY Plane Ref

User Joint DOF (1-6)

Bulk stiffness

Applies this numeric value to every stiffness component supported by each joint type. Translational values use N/mm; rotational values use Nm/deg.

Vehicle Couplings

Group full-vehicle couplings here. Use Mechanical Links for point-to-point joints/connectors and Mathematical Links for ratio-style actuator coupling.

Mechanical Links

Project-level full-vehicle joints/connectors. These use scoped point refs from the selected front and rear variants so duplicated axle point names stay unambiguous.

Using current front/rear variant selection. Each row is one explicit vehicle-level connector.

New

Select Vehicle Link

Mathematical Links

Project-level full-vehicle actuator couplings. V1 enforces a ratio relation between source and target actuator length changes in Solver2 full-vehicle motion.

Using current front/rear/vehicle variant selection. Ratio means target delta = ratio x source delta, relative to each actuator's rest length.

New

Select Actuator Link

Steering Column Builder

Define steering wheel/U-joint/rack geometry, run cardanic error sweeps, and optimize U-joint phasing.

Points

Point	X [mm]	Y [mm]	Z [mm]	Joint Phase [deg]	Optimize

U-Joints

Sweep

Display

Actions

Idle.

Driveshafts

New

Select Driveshaft

Springs and Bars

New

Select Spring

Legacy Dampers

New

Select Damper

Compression and rebound stops are used by Loaded Equilibrium only. They do not limit kinematic heave, roll, steer, or travel studies.

Actuators

Define separate cylinder-style actuator links without overloading the damper element.

New

Select Actuator

Strut Builder

Assembly

Choose New to build a strut from the existing hardpoints.

Assembly setup

Quick component setup

Advanced points

Point edits apply to the model immediately.

ID	X [mm]	Y [mm]	Z [mm]	Side	Sym	Move	Body	Attachment	Derived

Parametric Coordinates

X =

Y =

Z =

Springs

Spring 1

Spring 2

Travel stop details

Rebound stop

Loaded equilibrium only

Review

Setup Libraries (Beta)

Springs and Bars

Import format

Save an Excel table as tab-separated text, with column headers in the first row. Name, Axle, Type, Mode and Rate are required columns. Other columns may be omitted or left blank in manual mode.

Headers: Name, Axle, Type, Mode, Rate, Coils, Coil dia, Wire, Bar dia, G, Bar len, Free, Block, Sweep. Use front/rear/both for Axle and manual/geometry for Mode. Geometry mode needs the relevant dimensions and G. All lengths are mm; Rate is N/mm for axial springs or Nm/deg for torsion bars; G is N/mm².

Import replaces the current Springs and Bars table after validation. A header-only file clears the table. Duplicate names within the imported file receive a suffix. Export saves the current table, including entries excluded from Sweep. Sweep is optional and defaults to yes. Decimal points and decimal commas are accepted.

Sel	Sweep	Name	Axle	Type	Mode	Rate	Coils [-]	Coil dia [mm]	Wire [mm]	Bar dia [mm]	G [N/mm²]	Bar len [mm]	Free [mm]	Block [mm]

Bump Stops

Sel	Sweep	Name	Axle	Rate [N/mm]	Free [mm]	Block [mm]

Adjusters (Beta)

New

Select Adjuster

Adjust

Saved Setups

Show labels

Engineering Tools

Kinematic Setup Wizard i

Solve setup targets using defined adjusters. Report shows required adjuster movement [mm].

Side Target Metric

Metric	Actual	Target	Tolerance

Use	Adjuster	Axis	Actual [mm]	Range [mm]

Freeze Weak Adjusters

Idle.

Spring Setup Study

Map library springs/bars to actual model slots before sweeping combinations.

Strict slot mapping Tire in series

No study mapping defined.

Batch Export

Define batch export jobs in the table below. Each row carries its own model, axle selection, pose inputs, and output options.

Use	Name	Model	Front Axle	Front Setup	Heave [mm]	Roll [mm]	Steer [mm]	Rear Axle	Rear Setup	Heave [mm]	Roll [mm]	Steer [mm]	Results CSV	Points CSV	Travel Table	DXF	DXF Preset	Report	Export Dir

DXF presets are wired in the table. For now they only annotate/export intent; DXF geometry still uses the current full-pose export content.

Idle.

Report Builder

Define report jobs in the table below. This first version exports printable HTML reports, ready to save as PDF from the browser.

Use	Name	Model	Axle	Variant	Heave [mm]	Roll [mm]	Steer [mm]	Summary	Results	Travel Table	Travel Tables	Graphs	Views	Output Dir

This first version exports standalone HTML reports. Use the browser print dialog to save them as PDF.

Idle.

User Measures

Name	Point A	Point B	Select	Output

Optimizer i

General optimizer: define goals, movable points, and editable geometry classes.

Define Goal

Defined Goals

Metric	Actual	Mode	Target	Tol	Priority	Weight	Hard

Define Variable

Defined Variables

Point	X	Y	Z	Sphere	X / r [mm]	Y [mm]	Z [mm]

Allow body edits Allow link edits Show move bounds Use second thread

Protected Links

Use	Link	Type	Point A	Point B

Idle.

Sensitivity Maps i

Map how selected point moves or setup adjusters affect selected outputs at the current pose/loadcase.

Point Based

Use	Point	X	Y	Z	ΔX [mm]	ΔY [mm]	ΔZ [mm]

Adjuster Based

Use	Adjuster	Type	Δ [mm]

Output Metrics

Use	Metric

Actions

Idle.

Adjuster Range Study i

Assign combination adjusters to min/max endpoints. Optional target adjusters can then be solved within their bounds to achieve controlled output targets for every combination.

Adjuster Roles

Role	Adjuster	Type	Current [mm]	Min [mm]	Max [mm]

Combination Setup

Select adjusters to estimate combinations.

Controlled Targets

Targets use the current Results side selection. Fixed targets are solved once per input combination; Min / Max targets add both result-driven endpoint scenarios.

Metric	Mode	Value / Min	Max	Tolerance

Output Metrics

Use	Metric

Actions

Idle.

Loadcases

Custom Modes

No custom modes defined yet.

V1 supports `joint_coordinate`, `wheel_center_axis`, `damper`, and `actuator`. `joint_coordinate` uses discovered drivable joints from the active Solver2 project state, with the coordinate dropdown populated from the selected joint. Translational coordinates (`tx`, `ty`, `tz`) use the slider in mm. Rotational coordinates (`rx`, `ry`, `rz`) use the slider in degrees and are converted to radians internally. `damper` and `actuator` drive discovered axial elements by length change in mm relative to compiled rest length. For `wheel_center_axis`, use `front`/`rear`, side `Both`/`L`/`R`, and axis `x`/`y`/`z`. Viewport-pick assignment is the next UX step.

Performance Based Loadcases

Every enabled speed slice is searched so speed-dependent aero loads cannot be hidden by another slice.

Nr	Calculate	Description	Speed [kph]	Downforce [N]

Quasi-Static Pre Process i

Loadcases

Nr	Calc	Description	Gx	Gy	Gz	Speed [kph]

Front Axle Loads

Front Left Application Point Front Right Application Point

Front Left Loads

Fx [N] Mx [Nm] Fy [N] My [Nm] Fz [N] Mz [Nm]

Front Right Loads

Fx [N] Mx [Nm] Fy [N] My [Nm] Fz [N] Mz [Nm]

Rear Axle Loads

Rear Left Application Point Rear Right Application Point

Rear Left Loads

Fx [N] Mx [Nm] Fy [N] My [Nm] Fz [N] Mz [Nm]

Rear Right Loads

Fx [N] Mx [Nm] Fy [N] My [Nm] Fz [N] Mz [Nm]

Actions

Quasi-Static Post Process i

Response Plan

One row per loadcase. The selected loadcase in the top ribbon is the one that gets displayed in the viewport/results, and Play / Stop animates that selected response.

Per-loadcase response plan

Response mode replaces the old EK/QS split. Held sets now define which spring/damper/actuator paths are locked for the elastic solve on the selected loadcase.

Held Elements

Held elements for selected loadcase

Held sets apply to Elastokinematic and Combined responses.

Solve Controls

Viewport Display

Show selected loadcase force/moment vectors Show contact patch reaction resultants Show joint reaction forces (global XYZ) Show joint reaction force resultants Show joint reaction moments (global XYZ) Show joint reaction moment resultants

Animation

Animation scale

Active: -

Solver ready Move the model to check kinematic health.

No point selected

FPS: --

Model: -

Results

Auto refresh Output Idle

Metric	Calculated	Unit

Measure	Point A	Point B	Output	Value

Height: 180 px

Current axle only, solved locally for live testing.

Performance Summary

Metric	Value	Unit

Vehicle Roll Dynamics

Metric	Value	Unit

Brake Balance — Quasi-static, zero-speed

μ	Ideal Front	Configured Front	Bias Error	Ideal Decel	Configured Decel	Loss	Limiting Axle

Generic Fiala Steady-state Handling Estimate

Handling analysis speed [kph]

Handling Metrics and Model Notes

Neutral-throttle pure-lateral estimate using a generic Fiala/brush tyre model. The entered per-tyre Cα and lateral μ are rescaled from the common reference Fz to each wheel’s instantaneous load, including static weight, aero and lateral load transfer. This is a setup-comparison tool, not a measured tyre-data prediction.

Metric	Value	Unit

Slip-angle Results Table

Lateral g	Front Fy [N]	Rear Fy [N]	Front Slip [deg]	Rear Slip [deg]	Accumulated steer correction [deg]	Incremental balance [deg/g]

Loadcase	Status	Toe - Wheel Change [min]	Camber change [min]	Caster angle change [min]	Spindle trail change [mm]

Normalize (0-100) Top N rows Min score [%]

Effect metric Show failed

Warnings

Solver diagnostics

Solver2 developer tools

Manual test controls

Motion scope Drive axle Steps Warm start Show in viewport Show deltas Use Solver2 For Motion (Dev) Use Native Full-Vehicle EK (Dev)

Manual checks use the current loadcase and travel sliders. These controls are for development and bug reports; normal motion, quasi-static and elasto-kinematic results use Solver2 automatically.

Solver status

Settings

Keyboard Shortcuts

Parents / Children

References used by this item

Items that reference this item

3D table export

Assembly setup

Quick component setup

Spring 1

Spring 2

Review